Abstract

Overview

Recent advancements in wireless communication technologies have significantly increased electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, prompting expanded research into their potential health effects. Our review explores compelling indications that EMFs can influence cell physiology by modifying redox processes.

Focus and Methodology

Particular focus is given to reproductive systems, examining the mitochondrial role in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are crucial for the biological performance of reproductive cells such as oocytes and sperm. To compile relevant studies, databases like MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus were scrutinized using keywords related to electromagnetic fields and reproductive health factors.

Findings

• Increased ROS production during spermatogenesis linked to EMF exposure, coupled with a reduction in ROS scavenging activity.
• Detrimental impacts of EMF from everyday devices like mobile phones and laptops on sperm quality, majorly through mitochondrial dysfunction.
• In female reproductive systems, oxidative stress contributes to EMF-induced damages with mitochondrial ROS overproduction also reported.

Conclusion

Mitochondria are highlighted as critical sources of ROS in both male and female reproductive systems under EMF stress. The paper calls for future, more standardized research to unravel the molecular mechanisms by which EMFs pose challenges to reproductive health, aiming to enhance preventative strategies.