The Cellular Response Is Determined by a Combination of Different ELF-EMF Exposure Parameters: A Scope Review

Abstract

Overview

In light of established regulations governing exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (0–300 Hz), this scope review challenges the prevailing focus on intensity as the primary determinant of cellular behavior, advocating for a broader consideration of parameters such as frequency, time, mode, and waveform.

Findings

• The review includes a comprehensive analysis of 79 articles that adhere to specified inclusion criteria.
• It examines the impact of varied experimental setups on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and the cell cycle.
• Findings are detailed and categorized by frequency, intensity, exposure time, and mode (continuous/intermittent).
• It uses graphical representations to underscore the significance of robust methodology in experimental design and the quest for mechanistic explanations beyond intensity alone.

Conclusion

This review underscores the necessity to reconceive exposure parameters as distinct entities capable of eliciting specific cellular responses. It highlights an overemphasis on intensity in regulations and lab experiments, which may overshadow the multifactorial nature of cellular responses to electromagnetic fields. Enhanced experimental strategies and conclusive research are urged to refine regulatory standards and explore therapeutic applications in medicine like oncology and neurodegeneration. The study advocates for a holistic approach to understanding the interaction between magnetic fields and biological systems.