Independent, modified, and interacting effects of long-term noise, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields, and shift work exposures on liver enzymes

Authors: Khosravipour M, Ghanbari Kakavandi M, Gharagozlou F, Nadri F, Barzegar A, Emami K, Valadi Athar H

Year: 2023

Category: Environmental Health

Journal: Environ Pollut

DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122036

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37321317/

Abstract

Overview

This study examines the combined and interactive impacts of long-term exposure to noise, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs), and shift work on liver enzymes over a four-year period. Conducted among male workers in a thermal power plant, this research provides critical insights into occupational health risks.

Methodology

Duration: 4-year repeated measures from 2016 to 2020.
Participants: Male workers in a thermal power plant industry.
Measurements included:
- 8-hour equivalent sound pressure levels (Leq) across different frequency channels.
- 8-hour time-weighted average of ELF-EMF levels for each participant.
- Shift work schedules determined by job titles, with focus on rotating night shifts and fixed day shifts.
- Fasting blood samples to measure liver enzymes AST and ALT.

Findings

Significant findings from the study include:

An increase in liver enzymes AST and ALT associated with every 10-dB increase in noise levels (particularly LAeq).
Higher percentage changes in liver enzymes with every 1 mG increase in ELF-EMF exposure, with varying impacts based on shift work schedule.
Notable negative interactions between noise, ELF-EMFs, and shift work exposures impacting enzyme levels.

Conclusion

The study strongly supports the significant relationship between long-term exposures to noise, ELF-EMFs, and irregular shift work, and their detrimental effects on liver enzyme levels, confirming the need for revised occupational health guidelines to mitigate these risks.

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