Independent, modified, and interacting effects of long-term noise, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields, and shift work exposures on liver enzymes

Authors: Khosravipour M, Ghanbari Kakavandi M, Gharagozlou F, Nadri F, Barzegar A, Emami K, Valadi Athar H

Year: 2023 Jun 13

Category: Environmental Pollution

Journal: Environ Pollut

DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122036

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37321317/

Abstract

Overview

To determine long-term effects of noise, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs), and varying shift work on liver enzyme levels, a four-year study was carried out with male workers in a thermal power plant from 2016 to 2020. This research aimed to quantify both individual and interactive influences.

Methodology

Sound levels were measured using an 8-h equivalent sound pressure technique across different frequency bands.
The exposure to ELF-EMFs was calculated as an 8-h time-weighted average for each subject.
Shift work schedules were classified into three-rotating night shifts and fixed day shifts based on job roles.
Fasting blood samples were collected to assess liver enzymes like AST (Aspartate transaminase) and ALT (Alanine transaminase).
Statistical analysis included bootstrapped-mixed-effects linear regression models.

Findings

Significant findings included:

An increase per 10 dB in noise correlated with a higher percentage change in AST and ALT levels, particularly notable in LAeq noise measurements.
A 1 mG increase in ELF-EMF exposure was linked with a significant rise in AST and ALT levels in comprehensive adjusted models.
Workers on three-rotating night shifts showed more notable changes in AST and ALT levels compared to those on fixed day shifts, especially when adjusted for ELF-EMF exposure.
Negative interactions among noise, ELF-EMFs, and shift work show complex impact patterns on liver enzymes.

Conclusion

This study underscores the significant health risks associated with long-term exposure to noise, ELF-EMFs, and shift work, particularly affecting liver enzyme levels, crucial indicators of liver health.

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