Abstract

Overview

With the rising popularity of 5G mobile technology, the impact of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMF) on health is increasingly debated. This study scrutinizes the influences of a 3.5 GHz RF-EMF on Drosophila melanogaster's development and its microbiome at varying intensities.

Findings

• Developmental Changes: Exposure to RF-EMF resulted in increased pupation within the initial three days and a higher eclosion rate in the first two days. The overall development time of the flies was shorter.
• Genetic Expression: Higher expression of heat shock proteins (hsp22, hsp26, hsp70) and immune system genes (AttC, TotC, TotA) was observed. Conversely, DuoX gene expression decreased, while sod2 and cat expression, and SOD and CAT enzyme activity, were heightened.
• Microbial Variations: There was a notable reduction in microbial diversity and species abundance. The genera Acetobacter and Lactobacillus were markedly increased, reflecting potential microbiome adjustments in response to RF-EMF exposure.

Conclusion

The exposure to 3.5 GHz RF-EMF might promote fly development while influencing thermal and oxidative stress, and immunity levels. These interactions hint at significant changes in microbiota that could underpin broader implications for health systems in response to emerging technologies like 5G.