RF-EMF Exposure near 5G NR Small Cells
Abstract
Overview
This study focuses on the radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emitted by ‘small cells’, which are low-power base stations used in 5G cellular networks. These small cells are positioned close to both workers and the general public, necessitating a study of their typical exposure levels.
Findings
- Measurements were conducted near two types of 5G New Radio (NR) base stations: one with an Advanced Antenna System (AAS) capable of beamforming, and a traditional microcell. Distances ranged from 0.5 m to 100 m.
- The study assessed both worst-case and time-averaged field levels under full downlink traffic load.
- Comparison of these levels against the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) limits showed maximum exposure ratios of 0.15 for occupational exposures and 0.68 for the general public.
- Non-users' exposure varied depending on other users' activity and the base station's beamforming capabilities, being significantly lower with AAS equipped stations.
Conclusion
The measurements indicate that the exposure levels from 5G NR small cells under typical conditions are below the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits. However, various factors such as user distribution, beam presence, and base station capabilities can influence actual exposure levels.
The open access paper on this study provides further insight and can be accessed directly here.