Abstract

Overview

Recently, the monitoring of the radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure from cellular networks has garnered significant attention. This study assesses RF-EMF exposure in a variety of microenvironments (MEs) across urban and rural France.

Methodology

Seventy MEs were assessed using the ExpoM-RF4 dosimeter and a reference system, focusing on environments like residential areas, downtowns, business districts, and public transport. A novel correction approach was introduced to adjust for the human body's influence on measurement accuracy.

Findings

• Exposure levels were found to be well below the ICNIRP's maximum limits.
• K-Means clustering helped identify variability in exposure across different MEs, with Paris showing generally higher levels than other regions like Massy and surrounding villages.
• Three distinct clusters of exposure were identified among outdoor MEs in Paris, reflecting variable antenna density and user volume.

Conclusion

The study confirms that while exposure levels are low, discrepancies exist primarily due to the location and number of deployed antennas. It illustrates the importance of continued monitoring and tailored infrastructure deployment.