Abstract

Overview

This study investigates the deployment and impacts of fifth-generation (5G) wireless technology, specifically focusing on millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies. This technology promises substantial enhancements over previous generations by supporting additional frequency bands for improved mobile broadband capacities with ultra-reliable and low-latency communications.

Findings

• The global adoption of 5G is set to grow dramatically, expecting to account for 58% of all wireless subscriptions by 2029, up from 1.5 billion in 2024.
• Measurements were conducted using a dual-polarized horn antenna and spectrum analyzers, focusing on various urban and suburban environments to assess ambient mmW radiofrequency field power densities near operational radio base stations (RBS).
• Experimental data showed that mmW exposures from RBS are significantly below the safety limits established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and other international standards, with exposures measured from 0.0003% to 0.0082% of the maximum permissible exposure (MPE).

Conclusion

The study concludes that typical mmW exposure levels from operational 5G RBS are minimal and far below prescribed safety thresholds, making 5G a safe technology under current international exposure guidelines.