Assessment of Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields: Review and Future Directions

Authors: Akimasa Hirata, Yinliang Diao, Teruo Onishi, Kensuke Sasaki, Seunyoung Ahn, Davide Colombi, Valerio De Santis, Ilkka Laakso, Luca Giaccone, Wout Joseph, Essam A. Rashed, Wolfgang Kainz, Ji Chen

Year: 2021

Category: Electromagnetic Safety

Journal: IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility

Institution: Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration

DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2021.3109249

URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9557785&isnumber=4358749

Abstract

Overview

This article critically evaluates recent efforts in standardization and research regarding human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). It discusses differences in standards and assessments for various applications including consumer products and medical systems.

Findings

  • Examination of human body modeling and tissue dielectric properties.
  • Discussion on the rationality of current EMF exposure standards and the standardization for product compliance.
  • Reviews the exposure from wireless power transfers and everyday environmental EMFs.
  • Particular attention to safety concerns in magnetic resonance systems where EMF exposure is significantly higher.

Conclusion

The review emphasizes the necessity for future research to enhance EMF safety standards, particularly pointing out the need for refined human models, better dosimetry, and standardized methods to address new wireless technologies and higher frequency EMFs.

EMF exposure human safety electromagnetic fields wireless technology health risks
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