5G NR Base Station Exposure of the General Public: Comparison of Assessment Methods

Abstract

Overview

New measurement methods equipped for precise in-situ assessment of 5G New Radio (NR) electromagnetic fields (EMF) are presented. These methods assess both time-averaged (Eavg) and maximum extrapolated (Emax) field exposures, providing insight into the adequacy of existing safety limits.

• The measurement around 5G NR base stations in multiple countries indicates that maximum electric field values are within ICNIRP 2020 safety limits.
• Difference between Emax and Eavg exposures remains under 3 dB when using various measurement equipment.
• The presence of other users significantly influences the average exposure, challenging the effectiveness of current measurement approaches in realistic scenarios.

Findings

Detailed examination confirms the safety of measured exposure levels under current guidelines but highlights potential inaccuracies in high-traffic environments.

• A broadband measurement can provide initial estimates of RF-EMF exposure up to 700 meters but may not completely assess all aspects of 5G-NR exposure.
• Both Emax and Eavg metrics investigated; Emax remains a consistent measurement under varying conditions.

Conclusion

The study underscores the necessity for revised measurement methods in more populated settings to ensure accurate and safe exposure assessments, suggesting Emax as a more reliable metric under such conditions.

Future Work

Further research proposed to refine these measurements in high-traffic and mm-wave conditions to better understand and mitigate potential health risks associated with 5G NR exposure.