Abstract

Overview

The study explores the impact of electromagnetic fields (EMFs), which are fundamental in daily life, on human health, particularly cognitive and neurological functions. Since the 1970s, the potential health hazards from EMF exposure have raised concerns.

Findings

• EMF exposure can stimulate nerves, impacting the central nervous system and leading to cognitive and neurological alterations.
• Specific changes have been observed in memory and learning due to alterations in neuronal plasticity within the hippocampus. This includes changes in synapses and hippocampal neurites, as well as shifts in metabolism and neurotransmitter levels.
• Prenatal EMF exposure negatively influences learning and memory abilities, and also affects hippocampal neuron density and the histomorphology of the hippocampus.
• Structural and functional changes in glial cells due to EMF exposure affect various cellular processes such as gate dynamics, ion conduction, membrane concentration, and protein expression.
• Genetic expressions and possibly epigenetic regulations are altered by EMF exposure, impacting DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA biogenesis. These molecular changes could lead to significant biological impacts on cognitive functions.

Conclusion

The evidence suggests that EMF exposure has the potential to alter cellular and molecular mechanisms in the central nervous system, thereby modifying cognitive functions.