Abstract

Overview

The deployment of 5G networks introduces complex challenges in evaluating human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), particularly due to the fast variation in user load and the application of beamforming techniques. These conditions can result in significant fluctuations in the field levels emitted by base stations, potentially leading to non-compliance with existing standards.

Findings

This study explores the effectiveness of using broadband field meters for assessing 5G EMF exposure, highlighting the need for adjustments to account for base station load and antenna beamforming. Alternative methods such as spectrum analyzers and drive test scanners are also examined, which require more detailed handling but yield reliable data. The performance of these methods is compared, underlining the nuanced requirements of accurate EMF assessments in dynamic 5G environments.

Conclusion

The research confirms that while broadband field meters can still be utilized under certain conditions, they must be carefully corrected to account for the peculiarities presented by 5G technologies. The comparison indicates that more complex instruments, which account for the dynamic nature of 5G signals, can offer more accurate assessments. Practical implications for regulatory compliance and public health are discussed, making a strong case for updated methodologies in EMF assessments around 5G base stations.