5G NR launching in Greece: Preliminary in situ and monitoring network measurements of electromagnetic fields exposure levels at rooftops

Abstract

Overview

In Greece, 5G New Radio (NR) officially began operations at the end of 2020, utilizing the 3400-3800 MHz frequency band (FR1). This study primarily examines 117 Base Stations (BSs) already equipped with 5G NR antennas, focusing on their contributions to public exposure levels.

Methodology and Findings

• In Situ Measurements: Broadband and frequency selective measurements were performed at a minimum of three points of interest on adjacent rooftops, employing the sweeping method to store electric field strength (E) values from the worst-case scenario location.
• Spectrum Analysis: Conducted on the FR1 band per mobile communication provider to assess preliminary 5G NR emissions impacts.
• Case Study: A detailed investigation of a 5G NR base station in Kalamata, both during pilot and regular operations, with data obtained through national monitoring sensors.
• Temporal Analysis: Assessment of the 5G NR contribution to total E-field levels over time from pilot to regular operations of the BS.
• Compliance Verification: All measurements confirmed compliance with general public exposure reference levels.

Conclusion

The study confirms that the 5G NR's rollout, especially in urban areas and a specific suburban case, maintains safe exposure levels, fully complying with existing public health standards.