Exposure at 3.6 GHz in Greece Using Data From Frequency-Selective Monitoring Sensors

Abstract

Overview

The introduction of 5G networks has raised public concerns about potential changes in environmental electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. This study analyzes continuous monitoring data collected over 2 years (August 2022-October 2024) from 13 frequency-selective monitoring sensors located in Greece's five largest cities. The focus is on evaluating trends and weekly variations in EMF levels specifically at the 3.6 GHz frequency band.

Findings

• Results indicate a gradual increase in EMF exposure at 3.6 GHz, linked with the expanding presence of 5G infrastructure and device usage.
• The 3.6 GHz band displayed higher maximum-to-median power density ratios compared to other frequency bands.
• This is attributed to the technology characteristics of active antenna systems and fluctuating network traffic.
• When applying the ICNIRP 2020 guidelines, averaging measurements over 30 minutes considerably decreased the observed exposure variations.
• All observed EMF levels, including maximums, stayed well below both Greek and international safety limits.

Conclusion

The increasing trend in EMF levels highlights the importance of robust and continuous EMF monitoring networks, which are crucial for evaluating exposure from both established and emerging telecommunications infrastructures and ensuring adherence to health and safety standards. Despite current compliance with safety limits, the upward exposure trend and established links between EMF exposure and potential health risks justify vigilant ongoing assessment and transparent reporting.