Abstract

Overview

Today, in the modern world, people are often exposed to electromagnetic waves, which can have undesirable effects on cell components leading to various abnormalities. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to explore the consequences of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure on fetal and childhood developmental outcomes.

Methodology

Relevant databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched as of January 1, 2023. Analytical methods like Cochran's Q-test and I² statistics were utilized to assess study heterogeneity, and a random-effects model helped estimate the pooled odds ratio and mean differences for various health outcomes.

Findings

• A total of 14 studies were analyzed.
• Significant associations were found between EMF exposure and increased risk of fetal and childhood abnormalities.
• Scores of DNA damage, oxidative stress, and changes in gene expression were particularly notable in individuals exposed to EMFs.

Specific Outcomes:

• Increase in fetal developmental disorders and childhood cancers.
• Rise in developmental disorders such as speech problems post EMF exposure.

Meta-regression showed that publication year significantly affects heterogeneity.

Conclusion

Maternal exposure to EMFs, especially during the first trimester, is correlated with severe developmental challenges in offspring. Widespread exposure to non-ionizing radiation could lead to significant health repercussions for forthcoming generations. The findings advocate for more rigorous research into the impacts of EMFs, considering the limitations of existing studies.