Electromagnetic fields exposure on fetal and childhood abnormalities: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Overview
Today, in the modern world, people are often exposed to electromagnetic waves, which can have undesirable effects on cell components that lead to differentiation and abnormalities in cell proliferation, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, chromosomal abnormalities, cancers, and birth defects.
Findings
This study aimed to investigate the effect of electromagnetic waves on fetal and childhood abnormalities. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched initially on January 1, 2023. Analytical techniques used included Cochran's Q-test and I2 statistics for heterogeneity, a random-effects model for pooled analysis, and meta-regression to address study variability.
The results revealed increased cases of fetal and childhood abnormalities among parents exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Indicators included changes in gene expression, oxidant and antioxidant parameters, and DNA damage parameters in the umbilical cord blood. Specific outcomes showed higher risks of developmental disorders, cancers, and childhood developmental disorders in exposed individuals compared to non-exposed individuals.
Conclusion
The comprehensive analysis indicates that exposure to EMFs is linked to a range of adverse developmental and health outcomes in offspring, highlighting the significance of mitigating exposure especially during pregnancy to prevent such risks.