Magnetic fields from indoor transformer stations and risk of cancer in adults: a cohort study

Authors: Juutilainen J, Khan MW, Naarala J, Roivainen P

Year: 2024/11/18

Category: Epidemiology

Journal: Occup Environ Med

Institution: Finnish Cancer Registry

DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2024-109466

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39557565/

Abstract

Overview

This study investigates the association between residential exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF) from indoor transformer stations and the incidence of cancers in adults, addressing limitations found in prior research.

Methodology

Participants were selected from individuals who resided in buildings with indoor transformer stations between 1971 and 2016. Magnetic field exposure levels were evaluated based on the proximity of each apartment to the transformer room, and cancer diagnoses were compiled from the Finnish Cancer Registry.

Findings

  • The overall Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR) for all cancer types was 1.01, suggesting no significant overall risk.
  • An elevated risk was noted specifically for digestive organ cancers, with a SIR of 1.23.
  • The highest individual cancer risk was for gallbladder cancer (SIR: 3.92).
  • A noted increased risk for testicular cancer may be related to confounding factors rather than MF exposure.

Conclusion

While overall cancer risk wasn't elevated with MF exposure, the specific increase in digestive organ cancers highlights a new area for further research.

Existing Knowledge

ELF magnetic fields are considered potentially carcinogenic, particularly in relation to childhood leukaemia, though data on adult cancers has been inconclusive.

Contributions of This Study

This research utilizes a unique dataset from residential buildings with higher exposure levels, which could improve current understanding and influence future health risk assessments and policies.

cancer risk magnetic fields indoor transformer stations epidemiological study adult cancer health risks
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