Use of Electrical Household Appliances and Risk of All Types of Tumours: A Case-Control Study

Authors: Noori S, Aleem A, Sultan IN, Tareen AK, Ullah H, Khan MW

Year: 2025 Apr 1

Category: Epidemiology

Journal: Med Sci (Basel)

DOI: 10.3390/medsci13020036

URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/13/2/36

Abstract

Overview

The use of electrical appliances that emit extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) is increasing globally. These fields have been reported to be associated with several adverse health effects, and the potential link between risk of tumours and use of electronic devices emitting low frequency (LF) EMF is an important area for research.

Methods

  • This multi-hospital-based case-control study analyzed 316 patients to investigate the association of common household electrical appliance use and risk of tumours.

Findings

  • The study showed a below unity risk for most devices.
  • Slightly increased risk of tumour was observed for computer screen use (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.43-3.02).
  • Similar increased risk seen for microwave oven use (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.36-4.04).
  • Significantly, individuals living near electricity transformer stations had a statistically significant elevated risk of tumours (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.30-3.59), clearly indicating a connection between ELF EMF exposure and increased tumour risk.
  • In contrast, individuals living close to powerlines had an OR of 0.98, suggesting no elevated risk in that subgroup.

Conclusion

This pilot study provides primary data suggesting certain household EMF exposures, especially proximity to transformer stations, may be associated with an increased risk of tumours. This underlines the need for further epidemiological research on EMF safety and health risks.

EMF ELF household appliances tumour risk case-control powerlines transformer station
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