Abstract

Overview

The study focuses on electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in the intermediate-frequency (IF) range emitted by household appliances, a relatively understudied area. Intermediate frequencies range from 300 Hz to 1 MHz. This research is essential as the use of IF technology in households is on the rise.

Findings

• Measurements were carried out in real-life residential settings across three countries.
• Field levels were assessed both in general living areas and right next to a variety of household appliances.
• The strongest field emitters identified included induction cookers, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), liquid crystal display (LCD) TVs, and microwave ovens.
• At a close distance (20cm), some appliances could briefly expose users to levels above 5% of ICNIRP public reference levels.
• However, no measured emissions exceeded safety limits set by international guidelines (ICNIRP & IEC), with the highest exposure quotient being 1.00.

Conclusion

The study's results contribute valuable insights into IF field emissions from household appliances and their compliance with safety standards, providing a foundation for future epidemiological research on potential health implications of IF exposure.