A Survey of IEEE 802.11ax WLAN Temporal Duty Cycle for the Assessment of RF Electromagnetic Exposure (Wi-Fi 6)

Authors: Yang Y, Vermeeren G, Verloock L, Guxens M, Joseph W

Year: 2025

Category: Telecommunications

Journal: Applied Sciences

DOI: 10.3390/app15052858

URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/5/2858

Abstract

Overview

The deployment of IEEE 802.11ax, commonly known as Wi-Fi 6, is increasing, making it essential to accurately evaluate the radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure under realistic conditions. This research was conducted in a controlled lab setting.

Findings

  • Duty cycle measurements showed significant variability across different internet services.
  • FTP upload recorded the highest mean duty cycle of 94.3% at 20 MHz bandwidth.
  • YouTube 4K video streaming observed peak duty cycles at 89.2%.
  • Under poor radio conditions, the duty cycle could increase up to five times for certain applications, highlighting the impact of lower signal-to-noise ratios on retransmissions and modulation.
  • The study also demonstrated a decrease in average electric-field strength by up to ten times when the duty cycle is taken into consideration, with the maximum weighted exposure reaching 4.2 V/m which is 6.9% of ICNIRP limits under multi-user scenarios.

Conclusion

This study underscores the importance of considering realistic duty cycles to improve RF-EMF exposure assessments for Wi-Fi 6, ensuring compliance with regulations and furthering the understanding of its implications on electromagnetic exposure.

IEEE 802.11ax Wi-Fi 6 RF-EMF exposure Duty Cycle Electromagnetic Exposure
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