RF-EMF Exposure near 5G NR Small Cells

Authors: Aerts S, Deprez K, Verloock L, Olsen RG, Martens L, Tran PK, Joseph W

Year: 2023

Category: Environmental Health

Journal: Sensors

Institution: Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

DOI: 10.3390/s23063145

URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3145

Abstract

Overview

This study investigates the levels of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that are emitted by 'small cells' within fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. These small cells are low-power base stations installed in close proximity to both workers and the general public.

Findings

  • Measurements were performed near two different types of 5G New Radio (NR) base stations—one with an Advanced Antenna System (AAS) and another being a traditional microcell.
  • The study measured both worst-case and time-averaged field levels at distances ranging from 0.5 m to 100 m under maximized downlink traffic load.
  • Maximum exposure ratios were significantly below the limits given by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), with occupational exposure at 0.5 m being 0.15, and for the general public at 1.3 m being 0.68.
  • Non-users’ exposure could potentially be much lower, significantly influenced by the activity of other users and the beamforming capabilities of the base station.

Conclusion

While the exposure levels were found to be within the permissible limits, the proximity of these base stations to frequently used areas highlights the continuous need for monitoring and regulation to mitigate potential health risks associated with EMF exposure from new 5G technologies.

5G EMF RF-EMF health risks small cells beamforming exposure assessment
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