The 5G-FR1 Signals: Beams of the Phased Antennas Array and Time-Recurrence of Emissions with Consequences on Human Exposure
Abstract
Overview
The fifth generation (5G) of mobile communication technology poses numerous questions despite introducing notable advancements over previous generations. The most delicate and significant issue revolves around the safety of human exposure to 5G-related electromagnetic fields.
Research Aim
This study analyzes two fundamental features of 5G emissions:
- Extreme spatial variability of electromagnetic exposure.
- Nonlinear dynamics and temporal variability of exposure.
Methodology
- Modeled patch antenna arrays operating at 3.7 GHz with variable beam forming and beam steering to analyze the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of electromagnetic energy in human head tissues.
- Investigated the influence of antenna geometry and feeding characteristics on spatial exposure variability.
- Assessed nonlinear recurrence behavior data of exposure time using time-series measurements of electric-field strengths from a real-life 5G mobile phone performing various applications. Measurements were taken using a real-time spectrum analyzer and two near-field probes at different beam positions.
Findings
- Demonstrated clear spatial variability of exposure dependent on antenna factors.
- Identified features such as laminar emissions, chaotic emissions, determinism, and recurrence in the time variability of emissions.
Conclusion
The study highlights that 5G emissions, characterized by highly variable spatial and temporal exposure, have the potential to create unpredictable biomedical consequences in humans. There is a clear connection between exposure to electromagnetic fields from advanced 5G technologies and health risks due to these unpredictable dynamic characteristics.