A Monte Carlo Analysis of Actual Maximum Exposure From a 5G Millimeter-Wave Base Station Antenna for EMF Compliance Assessments

Authors: Xu Bo, Anguiano Sanjurjo David, Colombi Davide, Törnevik Christer

Year: 2022

Category: Public Health

Journal: Frontiers in Public Health

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.777759

URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2021.777759

Abstract

Overview

This study delves into the assessment of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure from radio base stations designed for 5G network technologies. Such stations incorporate advanced techniques including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and beamforming.

Findings

  • Standards and regulatory frameworks utilize power reduction factors (PRFs) to estimate realistic EMF exposure.
  • A Monte Carlo simulation was used to compute the actual maximum exposures using both near-field and far-field methods.
  • The results confirm that the computed exposures are significantly lower than theoretical maximums and align with PRFs used for sub-6 GHz frequency bands in 5G telecommunication.

Conclusion

The study reassuringly suggests low power levels from millimeter-wave base stations, with conservative estimates ensured by far-field analysis methods, highlighting effective safety protocols in public health concerning EMF exposure.

EMF 5G RF exposure Monte Carlo analysis millimeter-wave MIMO beamforming
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