Abstract

Abstract Summary

Overview

This study investigates human electromagnetic exposure in a novel proposed 5G wireless networking environment known as ATTO-cell networks, or ATTO-floor. These networks consist of an ultra-dense configuration of nodes that have the potential to significantly alter electromagnetic exposure profiles.

Methodology

The research adopted a statistical approach, utilizing finite difference time domain simulations to numerically estimate electromagnetic exposure. A notable aspect of this method is its efficiency in predicting exposure through a limited number of simulations while ensuring accuracy via a substantial count of exposure evaluations.

Findings

• The average exposure level detected was approximately 4.9 mW/kg, with peaks reaching 7.6 mW/kg in 5% of cases studied.
• The highest exposure level, termed peak-spatial 10-g SAR average (psSAR10g), was around 21.2 mW/kg.
• Influence of the ATTO-floor size on electromagnetic exposure was investigated, showing varying levels of radiation influence based on area dimensions.

Conclusion

Despite the maximal exposure levels observed, all figures remained substantially below the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines for public and occupational exposure, suggesting that ATTO-floor configurations could represent a low-exposure alternative in future 5G infrastructures. However, ongoing awareness and scrutiny of electromagnetic field impacts on human health are essential, especially with new technology iterations.