Assessment of varied mobile network topologies on human exposure, mobile communication quality and sustainability

Abstract

Overview

In this comprehensive study commissioned by the Swiss Federal Office of Communications, the IT'IS Foundation, along with the IMEC WAVES group from Ghent University, evaluates various 5G network topologies to assess the impact on human exposure to electromagnetic fields, mobile communication quality, and sustainability.

Findings

• The study utilizes advanced simulation tools to analyze different mobile network structures under current regulatory precautionary limits without pursuing higher exposure limits.
• Analysis shows a significant differentiation in human exposure between uplink and downlink, with uplink exposure typically ten times higher.
• Transitioning from 4G to 5G technology is seen to potentially reduce electromagnetic exposure in most scenarios while greatly enhancing network capacity.
• Exploration of unified and separated network topologies indicates potential reductions in base station requirements, with implications for both network sustainability and human exposure.
• The use of adaptive antennas in 5G networks could lower exposure ratios, particularly in less densely populated areas, without compromising on communication quality.

Conclusion

The study strongly supports the careful planning of network topologies to minimize human exposure while maintaining high communication standards. It reinforces the importance of advanced technological integration such as 5G and adaptive antennas to balance human exposure against network performance.