5G NR launching in Greece: Preliminary in situ and monitoring network measurements of electromagnetic fields exposure levels at rooftops

Abstract

Overview

In Greece, the rollout of 5G New Radio (NR) began at the end of 2020 using the 3400-3800 MHz (FR1) frequency band. To assess the impact of this technology, the study focused on 117 base stations equipped with 5G NR antennas. In situ broadband and frequency selective measurements were performed at a minimum of three designated points of interest on accessible rooftops adjacent to these stations. Measurement points were selected using the sweeping method, and the electric field strength (E) was recorded at the point representing the worst-case scenario.

Findings

• Comprehensive spectrum analysis was carried out in the allocated FR1 band for each mobile provider, aiming to determine preliminary results on the contribution of 5G NR emissions to overall public electromagnetic field exposure levels.
• The majority of measurements were conducted in urban areas from early 2021 to mid-2022, correlating with the commencement of 5G NR services in large Greek cities.
• A detailed case study was performed at a 5G NR base station in a suburban location (Kalamata). This analysis relied on continuous broadband and frequency selective data gathered by the National Observatory of Electromagnetic Fields (NOEF) monitoring sensor network.
• In situ data within the 5G NR frequency range were validated by the NOEF network outputs, and the progression from pilot to regular operation of the base station was documented in terms of its contribution to total E-field levels.

Conclusion

The investigation confirmed compliance with reference exposure levels for the general public in all monitored cases. The study establishes a direct connection between 5G NR deployments and measurable electromagnetic field exposure at nearby rooftops, emphasizing the importance of continuous and transparent EMF monitoring to safeguard public health.