Abstract

Abstract Summary

Overview

The excessive use of mobile phones over the past decade has increased health risks in human populations. This study investigates the impact of 4G mobile phone radiation on chick embryo development, focusing on genetic, microscopic, and biochemical parameters.

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to determine the harmful effects of 4G mobile phone radiation on the expression of immunogenic and vascular genes and gross, microscopic, and biochemical changes during the development of chicken embryos.

Methods

• 60 chicken embryos were exposed to mobile phones set at a specific absorption rate of 1.4 W/kg and a frequency of 2100 MHz for 60 minutes per night over 14 days.
• Histopathological examinations were conducted using hematoxylin and eosin, and cresyl violet stains.
• Biochemical parameters were evaluated using photometry.
• mRNA levels of VEGF-A and immune genes were measured using real-time PCR (qPCR).

Findings

• Significant reductions in body weight and length in the exposed group (p < 0.05).
• Increased levels of urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes compared to controls (p < 0.05).
• Neuronal degeneration and hyperchromatic neurons were notably more prevalent in the exposed group.
• Decreased lymphocyte count and altered vascular and immune gene expression in exposed embryos.

Conclusion

Exposure to 4G mobile phone radiation is likely to cause significant embryonic developmental disruptions, characterized by broad changes in physical development, biochemical parameters, and gene expression.