Histomorphometric Analysis of Chick Embryo Kidneys on Exposure to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Cell Phone

Abstract

Overview

With increasing usage in daily life, cell phones are under scrutiny for the potential harmful effects their emitted Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) may have on biological tissues.

Aim

This study explores the damage that radiofrequency radiation, at frequencies typical of 2G and 3G mobile networks, could inflict on the kidneys of developing chick embryos.

Materials and Methods

• Location: Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India.
• Duration: August 2011 - June 2015.
• Subjects: 144 fertilized chick embryos.
• Method: Divided into three groups, with exposures to either 2G (1800 MHz), 3G (2100 MHz) radiation, or no exposure (control).
• Analysis: Histological examination focused on kidney structures.

Findings

Significant morphometric and structural changes were observed in the kidney tissues of the exposed groups, including cell vacuolations, nuclear alterations (such as nucleomegaly, karyorrhexis), hemorrhage, and increased urinary space.

Conclusion

This study definitively ties exposure to 2G and 3G RFR, from cell phones, to histopathological kidney damage in chick embryos, raising concerns about prolonged exposure to such radiation in living tissues.