Abstract

Overview

With the ubiquity of cell phones equipped with sophisticated features, understanding their potential impacts on biological tissues is crucial. Current scientific reports remain inconclusive about the ill effects of Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) from these devices.

Aim

This study aims to evaluate the potential tissue damages in developing kidneys of chick embryos after exposure to specific RFRs from 2G and 3G cell phones.

Materials and Methods

• Setting: This experimental study was performed at the Department of Anatomy, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India, from August 2011 to June 2015.
• Sample: A total of 144±20 fertilised chick embryos were divided into three groups, with 48 eggs per group.
• Procedure: Group A was exposed to 2G radiation (1800 MHz), Group B to 3G radiation (2100 MHz), and Group C served as a sham-exposed control group. Embryos were examined from the 5th to 12th day for structural and morphometric kidney changes using standard histological techniques.

Findings

The analysis revealed several cellular and structural changes:

• Cytoplasmic changes: Notable vacuolations.
• Nuclear changes: Features like nucleomegaly and karyorrhexis.
• Vascular alterations: Hemorrhage and infiltrations in the interstitial area.
• Glomerular changes: Increased urinary space.

Conclusion

Exposure to RFR from cell phones is linked to significant histopathological changes in the developing kidneys of chick embryos, highlighting potential health risks.