Personal exposure from free Wi-Fi hotspots in downtown Mexico City

Authors: Ramirez-Vazquez R, Escobar I, Moreno JJH, Martínez-Plaza A, Maffey S, Arribas E

Year: 2023 Jul 20

Category: Environmental Science

Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28839-5

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37474852/

Abstract

Overview

In 2019, the Government of Mexico City facilitated the creation of over 13,000 free Wi-Fi hotspots throughout Mexico City. This study measures the personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure in various city areas.

Findings

  • Measurements conducted in different environments: streets, public transport, Zócalo, and homes.
  • Both spot measurements and comparative analysis using box and violin plots were performed.
  • Georeferenced maps created through Kriging interpolation highlighted spatial distribution of RF-EMF exposure.
  • The highest exposure observed was in the Zócalo with levels up to 2370 μW/m2 in the 5.15 to 5.85 GHz Wi-Fi band, showing significant variations based on location and time.

Conclusion

The study raises concerns about consistent RF-EMF exposure, emphasizing variations across different city microenvironments. Despite recorded values lying below the international safety guidelines, the pervasive exposure in day-to-day environments, such as homes and public transport, may demand reconsideration of the safety standards to ensure public health protection, especially in densely populated urban settings.

Electromagnetic Fields Wi-Fi Exposure Health Risk Radiofrequency Environmental Research Mexico City Geographical Information Systems
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