Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields (ELF-MF) and Radiofrequency: Risk of Childhood CNS Tumors in a City with Elevated ELF-MF Exposure

Authors: Correa-Correa V, Núñez-Enríquez JC, Mezei G, Rivera-Luna R, Peñaloza-González JG, Rivas-Carrillo SD, et al.

Year: 2025

Category: Epidemiology

Journal: Environmental Research

DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.122858

URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935125021103

Abstract

Overview

Central nervous system tumors (CNSTs) are the second most common childhood cancer. With unclear etiology, recent concerns have risen regarding the effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and radiofrequency (RF) exposures. This study was conducted to examine the potential relationship between these exposures and CNST risk among Mexico City's pediatric population.

Methods

  • Design: Case-control study (2017–2022) in Mexico City
  • Participants: 200 CNST patients, 793 controls (all under 16 years old)
  • Exposure Assessment:
    • Residential ELF-MF measured over a 24-hour period
    • RF exposure evaluated via duration of cell phone and electronic device usage
  • Reference Groups: ELF-MF exposure <0.1 μT, lowest RF quartile (Q1)
  • Data Analysis: R and SPSS software

Findings

  • 5.1% of participants had ELF-MF exposure ≥0.3 μT.
  • Significant association: Elevated ELF-MF exposure (≥0.4 μT) doubled the risk of CNST (aOR=2.39; 95% CI: 1.15-5.00).
  • No association between cell phone use and CNST risk.
  • Prolonged tablet use linked to substantial CNST risk:
    • aOR=2.53 (95% CI: 1.39-4.61) with internet use
    • aOR=3.53 (95% CI: 1.45-8.59) without internet use

Conclusion

A significant portion of Mexico City children are exposed to ELF-MF levels ≥0.3 μT—higher than global averages. Elevated residential ELF-MF exposure and prolonged tablet use, both with and without internet connectivity, were significantly linked to increased childhood CNST risk.

Highlights

  • Many Mexico City children exposed to ELF-MF ≥0.3 μT, surpassing global norms.
  • Elevated ELF-MF exposure correlates with increased childhood CNS tumor risk.
  • Prolonged tablet use also linked to higher CNST risk, especially in ages 6-10.
  • No CNST risk detected from cell phone use.
ELF-MF radiofrequency childhood cancer CNS tumors Mexico City exposure assessment tablet use
← Back to Stats