A Novel Method for Achieving Precision and Reproducibility in a 1.8 GHz Radiofrequency Exposure System That Modulates Intracellular ROS as a Function of Signal Amplitude in Human Cell Cultures

Abstract

Overview

Radiofrequency fields ranging from 1–28 GHz are common in modern environments, prompting studies into potential health risks such as cancer and neurological conditions. This study introduces a simplified RF exposure protocol that uses a 1.8 GHz carrier frequency applied to human HEK293 cell monolayer cultures within a custom-built, fully shielded exposure system.

Findings

The protocol enables precise control and characterization of RF signals at non-thermal amplitudes similar to those used in modern telecommunication devices. This method allows for the observation of immediate changes in gene expression associated with oxidative stress and ROS signaling shortly after a brief RF exposure. The study reveals that the cellular response to RF exposure is influenced by signal amplitude and exhibits a hormetic, receptor-driven response.

Conclusion

The induced mild cellular stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as primary responses to RF signals highlight critical insights for understanding cellular reactions in human cells. Identifying these responses at non-thermal amplitudes assists in improving the reliability and reproducibility of RF research, potentially resolving controversies concerning RF exposure effects in the general population.

Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives

The described experimental RF exposure device and protocol provide a foundation for hypothesizing the physiological mechanisms involved in RF exposure effects on human cells. Emphasizing the need for multiple amplitude and wavelength testing, the research indicates a complex, non-linear cellular response potentially explaining conflicting outcomes in existing RF exposure studies.