Abstract

Overview

Understanding the impact of Wi-fi radiation on avian species is becoming increasingly important as the use of wireless communications expands. This study specifically examines how this environmental change induced by radiation impacts redox balance, stress levels, and male fertility in male Japanese quails.

Methodology

The research involved exposing 8-week-old mature male Japanese quails to 2.4 GHz MW radiation for two hours per day over a period of 30 days. During this exposure, the quails were treated with 100 mg/kg of Withania somnifera (WS) root extract orally.

Findings

• Wi-fi exposure significantly decreased testicular weight, volume, and density, along with gonado-somatic index (GSI).
• Significant increases in oxidative stress markers were observed in exposed quails, alongside reduced activity of antioxidants such as SOD, catalase, and GSH in the testes.
• Additionally, exposure altered reproductive hormones, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines in the testis.
• Treatment with Ashwagandha not only restored redox balance but also increased expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), enhanced sperm count, and improved immunity in the testis of exposed quails.

Conclusion

The study concludes that Wi-fi exposure leads to increased oxidative stress, immune modulation, and reduced fertility, whereas treatment with Ashwagandha root extract ameliorates these effects, thereby enhancing fertility and promoting gonadal function in exposed male Japanese quail.