Ashwagandha Diminishes Hippocampal Apoptosis Induced by Wi-Fi Radiation in Male Quails

Abstract

Overview

Microwave radiation (MWR) has been linked to neurodegeneration by inducing oxidative stress in the hippocampus of the brain, a region responsible for learning and memory. Ashwagandha (ASW), a medicinal plant, is known to prevent neurodegeneration and promote neuronal health.

This study investigated the effects of MWR and ASW on oxidative stress and cholinergic imbalance in the hippocampus of adult male Japanese quail.

Methods

• Control group: No treatment
• Experimental group 1: Exposed to MWR at 2 h/day for 30 days
• Experimental group 2: Administered with ASW root extract orally (100 mg/day/kg body weight)
• Experimental group 3: Exposed to MWR and treated with ASW

Findings

• MWR exposure increased serum corticosterone levels and disrupted cholinergic balance.
• MWR induced neuro-inflammation, resulting in oxidative stress, evidenced by decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GSH.
• MWR exposure caused a significant decline in nissl substances in the hippocampus, indicating neurodegeneration through oxidative stress mediated apoptosis.
• ASW treatment enhanced cholinergic balance and lowered hippocampal inflammation.
• ASW reduced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by increasing activity of ROS-scavenging enzymes.
• ASW prevented neurodegeneration, as indicated by decreased expression of caspase-3 and caspase-7 in the hippocampus, supporting neuronal health.

Conclusion

This study clearly showed that exposure to MWR, such as that from Wi-Fi routers, induces apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brain, strongly linking electromagnetic fields to brain health risks. In contrast, ashwagandha supplementation can reduce excessive ROS production, prevent neurodegeneration, and promote neuronal health. These findings underscore the importance of protecting against EMF-related neurodegenerative effects.