Abstract

Abstract Summary of the Study

Overview

The aim of this study is to explore the teratogenic impacts of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on chick embryo development, utilizing eggs from hens as a model. These embryos underwent varying exposures through regular intervals of mobile phone emissions.

Methodology

• Fertilized hen eggs incubated in a digital humidified environment.
• Exposure to RF-EMR from 2G and 4G mobile phones achieved by altering call durations and frequency.
• Dual potency exposures evaluated: 50 minutes per day (lower) versus 90 minutes per day (higher).
• Frequency setups for phones included a SAR range between 1.355 watts/kg (2G) and 1.12 watts/kg (4G).

Findings

Differences in hatchability noted; 65% and 75% for 2G and 4G at lower exposure levels, and decreased to 40% and 55% respectively at higher levels.

Various morphological anomalies including:

• Cross beak
• Non-retracted yolk sac
• Macrocephaly
• Malformed legs and toes
• Issues with standing and balance

Conclusion

This study identifies numerous adverse effects and raises significant concerns about the potential threats RF-EMR poses to the developmental stages of organisms.