Chronic Nonmodulated Microwave Radiations in Mice Produce Anxiety-like and Depression-like Behaviours and Calcium- and NO-related Biochemical Changes in the Brain

Abstract

Overview

The study investigates the effects of chronic exposure to both amplitude-modulated and non-modulated microwave radiation on laboratory mice, focusing on behavioral and biochemical impacts.

Methodology

• Chronic microwave exposure at 2.45 GHz.
• Comparison between modulated (0.029 mW/cm2 power density and 0.019 W/Kg SAR with 400 Hz sinusoidal modulation) and non-modulated (0.033 mW/cm2 power density and 0.023 W/Kg SAR) exposures.
• Duration: 2 hours daily over a period of one month.

Findings

Mice exposed to non-modulated microwave radiation displayed:

• Increased acetylcholinesterase activity.
• Elevated levels of intracellular calcium and nitric oxide in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
• Higher glucose and corticosterone levels in blood.
• Behavior indicative of anxiety and depression.

Contrarily, mice subjected to modulated microwave exposure did not exhibit these biochemical or behavioral changes.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that chronic exposure to non-modulated microwave radiation, but not modulated radiation, can lead to significant anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors as well as associated biochemical alterations in the brain. This underscores potential health risks associated with non-modulated EMF exposure in the context of public health safety.