A review on the consequences of molecular & genomic alterations following exposure to EMF: Remodeling of neuronal network & cognitive changes

Authors: Abtin S, Seyedaghamiri F, Aalidaeijavadi Z, Farrokhi AM, Moshrefi F, Ziveh T, Zibaii MI, Aliakbarian H, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Haghparast A

Year: 2024

Category: Neuroscience

Journal: Brain Research Bulletin

DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111090

URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024002247

Abstract

Overview

The use of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is essential in daily life. Since 1970, concerns have grown about potential health hazards from EMF. Exposure to EMF can stimulate nerves and affect the central nervous system, leading to neurological and cognitive changes. However, current research results are often vague and contradictory.

Findings

  • EMF effects include changes in memory and learning, largely through alterations in neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus.
  • Impacts are noted on synapses, hippocampal neuritis, metabolism, and neurotransmitter levels.
  • Prenatal exposure to EMFs negatively affects memory and learning, and leads to changes in hippocampal neuron density and histomorphology.
  • Experience with EMFs also alters structure and function of glial cells, influencing gate dynamics, ion conduction, membrane concentration, and protein expression.
  • EMF exposure affects gene expression and may induce epigenetic modifications by influencing DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA biogenesis.
  • Potential exists for EMF-induced biological changes in cellular and molecular mechanisms within the central nervous system.

Conclusion

Therefore, exposure to EMFs possibly leads to changes in cellular and molecular mechanisms in the central nervous system and alter cognitive function.

EMF cognitive function neuronal plasticity gene expression hippocampus neurotoxicity epigenetics
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