Changes in cognitive function, synaptic structure and protein expression after long-term exposure to 2.856 and 9.375 GHz microwaves

Authors: Wang H, Liu Y, Sun Y, Dong J, Xu X, Wang H, Zhao X, Zhang J, Yao B, Zhao L, Liu S, Peng R

Year: 2023 Feb 13

Category: Biological Sciences

Journal: Cell Commun Signal

DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01011-1

URL: https://biosignaling.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12964-022-01011-1

Abstract

Overview

The increasing concern over health risks associated with long-term microwave exposure, especially its potential effects on cognitive functions, has prompted further research. This study specifically investigates the microwaves' frequencies of 2.856 and 9.375 GHz on cognitive and synaptic functionalities.

Findings

  • Impairment in spatial learning and memory was observed, alongside structural damage within the DG area of the hippocampus.
  • A decrease in the SNARE-associated protein Snapin and an increase in charged multivesicular body protein 3 indicates inhibited synaptic vesicle recycling in the hippocampus.
  • Variations in protein expression in hippocampal and serum exosomes were also noted, with frequency-specific effects, suggesting differential protein impacts based on microwave frequencies.

Conclusion

This detailed investigation reveals significant connections between long-term exposure to specific microwave frequencies and adverse changes in cognitive abilities, EEG disturbances, and both structural and protein-based modifications in the hippocampus. Monitoring and regulatory measures should be carefully considered to mitigate these health risks.

microwaves cognitive function synaptic structure protein expression hippocampal damage
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