Abstract

Overview

This study explores the impact of 2.1-GHz WCDMA-modulated microwave radiation on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, focusing specifically on apoptosis and mitochondrial function.

Methodology

Cells were exposed to microwaves with a specific absorption rate of 0.528 W/kg over periods of 4 or 24 hours. Various assays, including the MTT test for cell viability and ELISA for protein measurement, were used to assess the effects.

• Cell viability and apoptosis were measured after exposure.
• Cytochrome-c and p53 protein levels were quantified.
• Mitochondrial membrane potential changes were observed via JC-1 staining.

Findings

The findings indicated a significant reduction in cell viability and an increase in apoptotic activity in microwave-exposed cells compared to controls. Notably, extended exposure resulted in more pronounced effects.

• Higher levels of cytochrome-c release and mitochondrial hyperpolarization were significant in microwave-exposed groups.
• No marked changes in p53 levels were detected, underscoring the specificity of the response to microwave exposure.

Conclusion

The results strongly suggest that 2.1-GHz WCDMA-modulated microwave radiation induces significant cellular stress in MCF-7 cells, manifesting as increased apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, which poses potential risks for biological tissues exposed to such conditions.