Abstract

Overview

Modern humanity wades daily through various radiations, resulting in frequent exposure and causing potentially important biological effects. Among them, the brain is the organ most sensitive to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure.

Findings

• Despite numerous correlated studies, critical unknowns surround the different parameters used, including operational frequency, power density (energy dose), and irradiation time, that could permit reproducibility and comparability between analyses.
• The interactions of EMR with biological systems and its precise mechanisms remain poorly characterized.
• Recent approaches examining the effects of microwave radiations on the brain, specifically learning and memory capabilities, as well as brain dysfunction with exposure, are analyzed and interpreted to provide prospective views for future research.
• Promising techniques to treat cancers and their radioprotective effects are summarized in this review.

Conclusion

This review serves as a platform for researchers to understand the mechanism and interactions of microwave radiation with biological systems, presenting the current scenario and prospects for future studies on the effect of microwaves on the brain.