Effects of 3.5 GHz Radiofrequency Radiation on Ghrelin, Nesfatin-1, and Irisin Levels in Diabetic and Healthy Brains

Authors: Bektas H, Algul S, Altindag F, Yegin K, Akdag MZ, Dasdag S

Year: 2022 Oct 8

Category: Neuroscience

Journal: J Chem Neuroanat

DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102168

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36220504/

Abstract

Overview

Recent years have seen a parallel increase in the incidence of diabetes, obesity, and mobile phone use. This study focuses on the radiofrequency radiation (RFR) from mobile devices, particularly under the newer 5G technology, and its absorption in the brain.

Methodology

Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats, weighing between 200-250 g, were divided into four groups: sham, RFR-exposed, diabetic, and RFR-exposed plus diabetic. Each group consisted of 7 rats, exposed to 3.5 GHz GSM-modulated RFR or placed in a sham setup for 2 hours daily over a 30-day period.

Findings

  • Antioxidant and Oxidant Balance: After exposure to RFR, a decrease in Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), and an increase in Total Oxidant Status (TOS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were seen in brain tissues.
  • Hormonal Changes: RFR induced an increase in ghrelin and irisin levels and a decrease in nesfatin-1.
  • Neuronal Degeneration: Significant neuronal degradation was observed in the hippocampus area of brains exposed to RFR.

Conclusion

The exposure to 3.5 GHz RFR has evidenced shifts in energy metabolism and appetite regulation in both healthy and diabetic rats, suggesting potential deleterious effects of 5G technology, particularly for individuals with pre-existing conditions such as diabetes.

radiofrequency radiation diabetes 5G energy metabolism redox balance brain health histopathological analysis
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