Blueberry anthocyanins regulate SIRT1/FoxO1 pathway to inhibit oxidative stress and reduce testicular tissue damage induced by microwave radiation in rats

Abstract

Overview

Research has demonstrated that exposure to microwave radiation can cause oxidative stress and injury in the male reproductive system. Blueberry anthocyanins are recognized for their strong antioxidative properties. This study explored the effects of varying doses of blueberry anthocyanins (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day) on testicular tissue damage in Wistar rats subjected to 2.856 GHz microwave radiation, aiming also to determine the optimal protective dose.

Findings

• Blueberry anthocyanins ameliorated decreases in sperm motility, maintained sex hormone levels, and protected testicular tissue structure in rats exposed to microwave radiation.
• The treatment resulted in increased SIRT1 expression and decreased FoxO1 expression, as well as improved levels of GSH/GSSG, SOD, and inhibited MDA formation.
• Markers of energy metabolism in the testicular tissue, including LDH, SDH, and ATP synthase, were elevated, while Caspase-3 expression (an indicator of cell apoptosis) decreased.
• The highest dose (400 mg/kg/day) of blueberry anthocyanins provided the best protective effect.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that 2.856 GHz microwave radiation can induce oxidative stress injury in rat testicular tissue, posing significant health risks via decreased cell viability and reproductive function. Blueberry anthocyanins can counteract these effects by regulating the SIRT1/FoxO1 pathway, enhancing energy metabolism, and reducing cell apoptosis. This study underscores the important connection between EMF exposure and reproductive damage, while highlighting a potential dietary intervention for mitigation.