Abstract

Overview

This study investigates the biological impacts of simultaneous exposure to 1.5 GHz and 4.3 GHz microwaves on male Wistar rats, focusing on cognitive functionalities and cellular protein expression.

Methodology

A total of 120 rats were organized into four groups to test different combinations of microwave exposure. Advanced techniques such as the Morris Water Maze, electroencephalography (EEG), and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to evaluate changes in spatial learning and memory, brain electrical activity, and cellular structures.

Findings

• The study observed significant impairment in spatial learning and memory, particularly in groups with higher exposure frequencies.
• Changes in cortical excitability and hippocampal damage were pronounced in groups subjected to simultaneous exposures.
• Proteomic analysis revealed a differential expression of 54 to 296 exosomal proteins across the groups, indicating synaptic disruptions.

Conclusion

Exposure to high-frequency microwaves notably affects cognitive functions and neural cellular architecture. The findings suggest significant health risks associated with high-frequency microwave radiation, advocating for cautious use and further research.