Effects of 3.5 GHz Radiofrequency Radiation on Ghrelin, Nesfatin-1, and Irisin Levels in Diabetic and Healthy Brains

Abstract

Overview

In recent times, the simultaneous rise in diabetes, mobile phone usage, and obesity has raised concerns, particularly in the wake of the 5G technology's rollout without sufficient safeguards. This study investigates the impact of 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation (RFR), commonly emitted by mobile phones, on both diabetic and healthy brains.

Methodology

• The experimental design involved 28 Wistar albino rats, segmented into four groups: sham, RFR exposure, diabetes, and both RFR exposure and diabetes.
• These groups were subjected to 2-hour daily sessions in a plexiglass carousel over 30 days, with variations in exposure to a functioning radiofrequency generator.

Findings

• Tests were conducted on brain tissues post-experiment, assessing levels of antioxidants, oxidants, and specific hormones linked to energy metabolism and appetite (ghrelin, nesfatin-1, irisin).
• Results demonstrated changes in total antioxidant (TAS) and total oxidant (TOS) levels, and an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
• Significant alterations were also observed in hormone levels, with an increase in ghrelin and irisin and a decrease in nesfatin-1. Additionally, a higher rate of neuronal degeneration was noted in the hippocampus.

Conclusion

The evidence strongly suggests that 3.5 GHz RFR, a component of 5G technology, significantly impacts energy homeostasis and redox balance in the brain. Disturbing findings of increased neuronal degeneration indicate that 5G poses real biologic risks, particularly for individuals with preexisting health conditions like diabetes.