Abstract

Overview

This chapter reviews a decade of research into the neurobiological impacts of radio frequency radiation (RFR) on the nervous system. It discusses various findings from animal and cell studies, highlighting the complexities of assessing RFR's effects due to the nervous system's intricate and adaptable nature.

Findings

• Exposure Parameters: A significant gap in many studies is the lack of detailed exposure setup and dosimetry, making it tough to validate the results.
• Comparative Study Levels: Most studies used higher RFR levels compared to typical environmental exposures. Notably, some studies, like Bak et al. (2010), reported biological effects at much lower levels than current international guidelines suggest, potentially indicating that these guidelines might be outdated.
• Neurological Impact: Evidence from acute and long-term exposure experiments shows that RFR can affect brain activity, nerve cell function, and behavior. Key findings suggest that RFR impacts memory and learning through effects on the hippocampus and induces oxidative changes in brain cells.
• Species Considerations and Modulation Effects: Differences in biological structure between humans and animals (e.g., hippocampus) may influence study outcomes. The specific modulation of RFR may also impact its biological effects.
• Environmental Concerns: The increasing prevalence of RFR in the environment raises concerns about its impact on human health and wildlife. The studies highlight how RFR can interfere with animals' magnetic orientation, crucial for their survival.

Conclusion

Considering the presented data, the existing safety standards for RFR exposure need re-evaluation to address the observed biological effects at low levels and the changing technological landscape. More research is specifically required on 5G technologies, which might pose different risks compared to earlier wireless technologies.