Effects of Long-Term Exposure to L-Band ( ~2.0 GHz) High-Power (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 W/m2) Microwave on the Brain Function of Male Mice

Abstract

Overview

The influence of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the nervous system has been a growing concern. This study was carried out to understand the impact of long-term exposure to high-power microwaves at L-band frequencies on the brain functions of male mice.

Methodology

• Sample and Exposure: Forty-eight male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were exposed to high-power microwaves (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 W/m2) at a frequency of approximately 2.0 GHz.
• Observation Periods: Brain function was assessed at various intervals following the exposure.

Findings

• Morphological Changes: Brain morphology was assessed using HE and TUNEL staining techniques, revealing signs of cell apoptosis in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
• Biochemical Markers: Assessment of cholinergic and oxidative stress markers, along with c-fos expression, helped identify underlying mechanisms of brain function alterations.
• Impact of Power Density: The severity of brain injuries correlated directly with both the power density and the duration of exposure, confirming potential risks to the nervous system.

Conclusion

Exposure to high-power density electromagnetic fields at L-band frequencies can result in significant brain damage in male mice, highlighting the critical need for reassessing safety regulations concerning EMF exposure.