Electromagnetic pulse exposure induces neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice

Authors: Lin Y, Lang H, Gao P, Miao X, Guo Q, Hao Y, Ai T, Li J, Zhang J, Guo G

Year: 2025 Feb 27

Category: Neurotoxicology

Journal: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117972

URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325003082?via%3Dihub

Abstract

Overview

The electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is a widespread electromagnetic disturbance known to disrupt electronic systems and also pose health risks to individuals in affected areas. Of significant concern are the biological effects of EMP radiation, specifically on the central nervous system (CNS), which remain incompletely understood.

Findings

  • Exposure conditions: Mice were subjected to a field strength of 600 kV/m with 1000 pulses per day for two weeks.
  • Oxidative stress: Such exposure increased oxidative stress levels within the CNS.
  • Microglial response: EMP exposure induced microglia polarization to the M1 state, initiating neuroinflammation and leading to disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through a pro-inflammatory response.
  • Signaling pathway: The NLRP3 inflammasome/NF-κB signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the pro-inflammatory mechanisms triggered by EMP irradiation.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that EMP irradiation triggers significant neuroinflammation and BBB damage through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome/NF-κB pathway. These findings provide essential insight into the mechanisms by which EMPs can impact brain health and highlight potential biomedical targets for protective strategies against EMP-induced CNS damage.

electromagnetic pulse neuroinflammation blood-brain barrier NLRP3 inflammasome NF-κB signaling oxidative stress microglia
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