Abstract

Overview

This study critically examines three important exposure metrics—intensity, exposure duration, and signal modulation—that are often inadequately accounted for in prevalent radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure guidelines. The conventional metrics fail to protect effectively due to the complex interplay of these factors in biological systems.

Findings

• Nonlinear effects of exposure intensity have been observed, indicating that the effects are unpredictable and could lead to biomic breakdowns after prolonged exposure.
• Interactions of intensity with duration reveal that RFR acts as a significant biological stressor affecting multiple living systems.
• Modulation, often used in man-made RFR, affects biological functions in ways not fully understood, indicating that exposure guidelines based solely on thermal effects are insufficient.
• Extensive data suggest a wide array of RFR-induced biological effects across various systems and organisms at exposure levels below existing guidelines.

Conclusion

The study underscores the need for revised RFR exposure guidelines that integrate non-thermal effects and consider the intricate roles of intensity, duration, and modulation in RFR exposure. The evidence points to the inadequacy of current guidelines in ensuring safety, emphasizing urgent regulatory action to address these discrepancies.