Abstract

Overview

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) from anthropogenic sources have become ubiquitous in the environment. Despite established international guidelines to protect human health, no specific guidelines exist for the protection of plants and animals. This study synthesizes data from 334 prior studies to assess the impact of RF EMF on flora and fauna.

Findings

• Statistical analysis revealed an inverse relationship between effect size and exposure level in animal studies.
• Quality of research was found to correlate more with effect magnitude than either exposure level or duration.
• A significant need for high-quality studies on RF EMF effects on both plant and animal life is identified.

Quality Score

A quality score was assigned to each study, assessing factors like dosimetry and experimental controls. Higher scores indicate higher quality research, essential for reliable conclusions.

Effect Size

A range of effect sizes has been reported, from no effect to large effects. The largest significant effects were selected for representation in this study, highlighting the variance in response across different species and exposure conditions.

Conclusion

The quality of studies proved a more reliable indicator of effect magnitude than exposure levels. The research underscores discrepancies in effects between fauna and flora, with non-significant trends observed in plant studies. Systematic reviews and improved observational studies are strongly recommended.