Abstract

Overview

In an era of increasing wireless communication and escalating levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF), concerns over potential impacts on natural ecosystems are growing. This study delves into the direct effects of RF-EMFs on wild plant species within their natural habitats.

Findings

• A comprehensive examination was performed on 10 wild herbaceous species, tracking their growth from germination to maturity under RF-EMF exposure at 866–868 MHz.
• Results indicate a variable response among species, with the majority showing no or minimal signs of RF-EMF influence.
• Significantly, the species Trifolium arvense (Hare’s foot clover) exhibited noticeable changes across multiple growth stages, hinting at potential heliotropic adjustments and earlier onset of senescence due to RF-EMF exposure.

Conclusion

The study acknowledges that while the effects of RF-EMF are predominantly species-specific, they are discernible and could be irreversible in natural settings. Trifolium arvense is proposed as a possible indicator for monitoring RF-EMF impact in European grasslands, emphasizing the necessity for further research on common Trifolium species and other keystone legumes.